Urbanisation is increasing rapidly. In 2016, an estimated 54% of the world’s population lived in urban areas. That figure is projected to exceed 60% by 2030. Cities are a major contributor to environmental pressures such as climate change, water and air pollution and environmental degradation – however, they also must be part of the solution. There is a need to capitalise on the unique opportunities urban living and urban consumption patterns provide to deliver solutions.. One of these opportunities is circular consumption, based on biomass products and renewable energy. This will help reduce the use of virgin resources as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Cities produce a huge amount of urban waste which can be used as feedstock to produce the biomass for products and renewable energy – and so drive circular consumption.